How Are Genes Inherited?

1. Explain why Gregor Mendel is called the "father of genetics".

2. Distinguish between the following pairs of terms:

• gene vs. allele
• dominant allele vs. recessive allele
• genotype vs. phenotype
• homozygous vs. heterozygous

3. Make a diagram that shows a monohybrid cross between two pea plants and do the following:

• Indicate which gene is dominant and which is recessive (you pick the trait to study).
  
• Explain how the hybrid parents were produced.
• Indicate the genotype(s) that are present in the F2 generation.
• Indicate the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation.
• Draw a Punnett square that illustrates this cross.

4. You have a pea plant that produces yellow seeds. Explain how you would use a test cross to determine its genotype.

5. Make a diagram (or Punnett square) that shows a dihybrid cross between two pea plants and explain how the cross demonstrates Mendel's law of independent assortment.

6. Be able to recognize the general features of a human pedigree.

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